Foundations
Any CIVIL engineering structure is divided into two categories:-
This is most commonly used footing for residential buildings. It is very easy to construct as well as economic. This foundation can be used for two or three storey building. This is constructed using brick work or concreting can be done.
1. Sub-Structure or Foundation2. Super structure
Lower portion of the structure is always hidden from the view; thus it is known as foundation, whereas the portion above the ground level is known as super-structure.
Both of these parts of the structure are important from point of view of the building.
Main functions of the foundation are:
1. To distribute the load of structure over the large area.2. Uniform distribution of the load3. To provide level surface for the superstructure4. To provide stability5. Protection against environmental affects and changes6. Safety against undermining
Types of foundation
1) Shallow foundation
a) Spread footing foundationb) RCC footing foundationc) Combined footingd) Grillage footinge) Stepped footingf) Raft foundationg) Cantilever foundation
2) Deep foundation
a) Pile Foundationb) Caissons or Well Foundation
This is most commonly used footing for residential buildings. It is very easy to construct as well as economic. This foundation can be used for two or three storey building. This is constructed using brick work or concreting can be done.
